Glossary

geomorphological:

relating to the physical features on the earth's surface and their formation

geothermal:

relating to heat from within the earth, here used to describe a source of energy

guerilla:

a bandit or soldier who operates by harassing the enemy in small groups

guerrilla(s):

a member or members of a small independent group taking part in irregular warfare. From the Spanish meaning 'little war'.

GDP per capita :

a value of how much a person produces in a year. It is calculated by dividing the Gross Domestic Product for a country by the number of people who live there.

Globalisation:

A process that concerns the integration of a global economy. The processes of global trade have gone on over the centuries, but globalisation has taken place rapidly over the past 100 years with advances in technology and reduced trade barriers

grass roots:

ordinary people, or fundamental level or source

genetic modification:

moving genetic material from the cells of one organism to those of another, be they related or unrelated

genetically modified:

when the genes of a plant or animal are modified by human intervention. This has often taken place throughout history where humans have bred plants or animals for particular traits by reproducing within species; however, genetically modified plants and animals are now being created by multinational biotechnology industries that are looking at creating new plants and animals by mixing genes between species

Groundwater:

Sub-surface water or water stored in pores, cracks, and crevices in the ground below the water table

Geophysical hazard :

Includes natural hazards where the principal causal agent is climatic and meteorological (e.g floods, hurricanes and droughts) or natural hazards where the principle causal agent is geological and geomorphological (e.g. landslides, tsunamis and earthquakes). They do not include biological hazards, both floral and faunal, such as fungal diseases, poisonous plants, viral diseases and infestations or locusts

Greenfield:

A piece of usually semi rural property that is undeveloped except for agricultural use, especially one considered as a site for expanding urban development

Gondwanaland :

The hypothetical protocontinent of the Southern Hemisphere that, according to the theory of plate tectonics, broke up into India, Australia, Antarctica, Africa, and South America

Gentrification:

The restoration and upgrading of deteriorated urban property by middle-class or affluent people, often resulting in displacement of lower-income people

groundwater:

water collected underground in porous rock strata; it emerges at the surface as springs and streams. The ground water's upper level is called the water table.

Geographies of Exclusion:

Title of the Geographer David Sibley’s 1995 book noting the way that people react and recreate spaces of belonging and – counter to that – spaces of exclusion where people do not belong in certain times and spaces because of various reasons.

Geographies of transgression:

consider how people use different ways to subvert and cross boundaries that exclude people from one place and time to make access more equal and just. Geographers who have researched about these include Keith Halfacree.

Green washing:

Hybrid term referring to ‘green’ elements of environmentalism and ‘white-washing’ the process of covering over dubious behaviour. Term used in reference to companies who have been and are known to cause environmental problems who claim to be improving their record through press releases and Media ‘spin’.

Glocalisation:

Glocalization fuses globalisation and localisation together to give a combined meaning. By definition, the term “glocal” refers to the individual, group, and community which is willing and is able to “think globally and act locally.” The term has been used to show the human capacity to bridge scales (from local to global) and to help overcome meso-scale, bounded, "little-box" thinking.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP):

The total value of goods and services produced in a country in one year.